Apr 13, 2020 · My 8-9 year old Windows desktop has been acting really crazy the last couple of days, random shutdowns, refusals to boot/POST (and no beep codes), and most consistently, loss of CMOS settings on every cold boot (a boot after having removed all power). So this sounds like a very straight-forward dead CMOS battery. Jun 30, 2020 · Enter CMOS values. Once the battery has been replaced, turn on the computer and reset the CMOS values to the defaults. After the values have all been entered, make sure to save the settings before exiting. Many CMOS setups allow you to press a key, such as F10, to save values and exit with one action. Jun 20, 2019 · Shut down your computer and unplug it from its power source. Unplug any and all cables from the laptop, including peripherals. 3. Remove the laptop casing. Flip the laptop over. Use the screwdriver to remove the screws holding the laptop casing in place. Remove the casing once you’ve unscrewed it. Dec 15, 2021 · Just follow the below mentioned steps to replace your CMOS battery with a newer one. 1. Turn Off your computer and turn off the mains power. 2. Open your PC cabinet. 3. Locate the CMOS battery on motherboard. 4. Press the Lock / Clip sideways to release the old CMOS battery. Aug 10, 2011 · Using this data, according to the Capacitor data sheet, if we say that the minimum holding voltage for the PRAM is 1.5Volts then the capacitor feeds the PRAM for more than 5 hours after main battery and AC disconnection if no power button is pressed - sorry, forgot to check/verify if the PRAM capacitor is depleted upon power button depressed ... Discharge static electricity by pressing and holding the power button for 10-15 seconds. Replace the battery with the exact same type of coin cell battery. Dell desktops use CR2032 coin cell battery (see the markings on the battery). See the documentation of your Dell desktop for model-specific information. Removing the CMOS battery erases the ... The target current is approximately 20 mA. In this project, we measured 9 to 24 mA using different CMOS 555 ICs. This isn’t critical, though it will affect the battery life. Advantages of CMOS 555 ICs. The original 555 is not a power hog, but it was a child of the 1970s, created in 1971. It will suck a battery dry in days, if not hours. When the CMOS battery in my father's Dell failed, it read about 1.5 volts on my multimeter, well below the 3-volt nominal voltage, but not quite zero volts. A battery generally has virtually no energy remaining this far below the nominal voltage, so you shouldn't expect the battery to be usable all the way to zero volts. Sep 1, 2014 · R. Cope and Y. Podrazhansky, "The Art of Battery Charging", Proc. of Battery Conference on Applications and Advances, 1999. Google Scholar Cross Ref R. Pagano, M. Baker and R. Radke, "A 0.18- m Monolithic Li-Ion Battery Charger for Wireless Devices Based on Partial Current Sensing and Adaptive Reference Voltage", IEEE JSSC, Vol. 47, pp. 1355 ... PMOS clock IC, 1974. PMOS or pMOS logic (from p-channel metal–oxide–semiconductor) is a family of digital circuits based on p-channel, enhancement mode metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). In the late 1960s and early 1970s, PMOS logic was the dominant semiconductor technology for large-scale integrated circuits ... voltage halfway between VDD and ground, VDDI2, (sometimes called the common-mode voltage of an analog circuit or system). VDD VDD VDD VREF A VREF M2 ' VREF Ml 1? resistor-only reference MOSFET-resistor reference MOSFET-only reference Figure 23.2 Voltage dividers implemented in CMOS. The voltage divider formed between the resistor and the MOSFET ... The interface between the 5 V CMOS and 3.3 V LVTTL parts illustrates a lack of voltage tolerance; the LVTTL IC input is overdriven by the 5 V CMOS device output. The interface between the 2.5 V JEDEC and the 5 V CMOS part demonstrates a lack of voltage compliance; Jun 20, 2019 · Shut down your computer and unplug it from its power source. Unplug any and all cables from the laptop, including peripherals. 3. Remove the laptop casing. Flip the laptop over. Use the screwdriver to remove the screws holding the laptop casing in place. Remove the casing once you’ve unscrewed it. Jun 6, 2018 · How to Use CR2032 Battery? There are many application of coin cell batteries, the below circuit shows you that how to connect a CR2032 coin cell battery with a simple LED circuit. CR2032 provide a nominal voltage of 3.0V, to power up a simple LED we need a minimum voltage of 2.2V so we have used the resistance for protection or current limiting. Jun 20, 2019 · Shut down your computer and unplug it from its power source. Unplug any and all cables from the laptop, including peripherals. 3. Remove the laptop casing. Flip the laptop over. Use the screwdriver to remove the screws holding the laptop casing in place. Remove the casing once you’ve unscrewed it. Aug 10, 2011 · Using this data, according to the Capacitor data sheet, if we say that the minimum holding voltage for the PRAM is 1.5Volts then the capacitor feeds the PRAM for more than 5 hours after main battery and AC disconnection if no power button is pressed - sorry, forgot to check/verify if the PRAM capacitor is depleted upon power button depressed ... Sep 14, 2005 · notify you if the battery is low with a message similar to 'CMOS battery low'. Most modern systems have a system monitor function in the BIOS, where you can find out things like power supply voltage, CPU temperature and CMOS battery voltage. To access the BIOS, consult your manual or watch for any Jul 31, 2023 · Frequently Asked Questions. CMOS is the term usually used to describe the small amount of memory on a computer motherboard that stores the BIOS settings. Some of these BIOS settings include the system time and date, as well as hardware settings. A CMOS image sensor is different—it's used by digital cameras to convert images into digital data. Jul 20, 2021 · Currently, CMOS is the dominant technology for VLSI digital and mixed-signal designs. CMOS is quicker, better adapted to operate at low supply voltage, and less power-consuming than Transistor-Transistor Logic (TTL). We´ll see how pairs of n-type and p-type complementary transistors form the basis of the CMOS blocks. • Nominal Voltage (V) – The reported or reference voltage of the battery, also sometimes thought of as the “normal” voltage of the battery. • Cut-off Voltage – The minimum allowable voltage. It is this voltage that generally defines the “empty” state of the battery. Apr 13, 2020 · My 8-9 year old Windows desktop has been acting really crazy the last couple of days, random shutdowns, refusals to boot/POST (and no beep codes), and most consistently, loss of CMOS settings on every cold boot (a boot after having removed all power). So this sounds like a very straight-forward dead CMOS battery. Sep 14, 2021 · The CMOS battery on the motherboard can be replaced by following these steps: Remove cables: Remove all cables except for the power cord. Remember to note down the location of each cable to be able to correctly connect them later. Unplug power: Now, unplug the power cable and press the power button of the PC. The key concept in digital BJT or CMOS circuits is that of a voltage controlled switch. The state of the switch or switches, as in the case of the CMOS circuit, can be controlled to generate either a high or low output voltage. The gate voltage controls the state of the CMOS circuit and draws no current at low and intermediate frequencies. The target current is approximately 20 mA. In this project, we measured 9 to 24 mA using different CMOS 555 ICs. This isn’t critical, though it will affect the battery life. Advantages of CMOS 555 ICs. The original 555 is not a power hog, but it was a child of the 1970s, created in 1971. It will suck a battery dry in days, if not hours. Feb 7, 2023 · The sensing circuit on the motherboard has a minimum voltage threshold of 2.7V to 2.9V (this figure varies depending on the age of board). ... System battery voltage is low denotes that the CMOS ... PMOS clock IC, 1974. PMOS or pMOS logic (from p-channel metal–oxide–semiconductor) is a family of digital circuits based on p-channel, enhancement mode metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). In the late 1960s and early 1970s, PMOS logic was the dominant semiconductor technology for large-scale integrated circuits ... Jun 6, 2023 · CMOS Question 7. Download Solution PDF. The CMOS inverter can be used as an amplifier when: PMOS is in linear, NMOS is in cut-off. Both are in linear region. both PMOS and NMOS are in saturation. NMOS is in linear, PMOS is in cut-off. Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 3 : both PMOS and NMOS are in saturation. CMOS 1220 3V LITHIUM BATTERY, Round. ₹ 5.55/ PIECE Get Latest Price. Battery Shape: Round. Cell Type: Lithium. Brand: BLACK CORD. Country of Origin: Made in India. The CMOS battery powers your laptop's BIOS firmware, read more... Apr 30, 2015 · First up, nhinkle: The CMOS battery is not there to provide power to the computer when it is in operation, it is there to maintain a small amount of power to the CMOS when the computer is powered off and unplugged. The primary function of this is to keep the clock running even when the computer is turned off. Without the CMOS battery, you would ... Jan 18, 2022 · To find compatible batteries for the laptop, here’s the parts list for the laptop. Click on Select Commodities > Rechargeable batteries and internal (4) to find the part numbers for all the compatible batteries. Search online using the part number only to find suppliers that suit you best. Here’s the hardware maintenance manual for the laptop. See full list on arrow.com UIü4"e(îÃ'd$'= Ô‘ºðçÏ¿?!0€c > Mf‹Õfw8]n ×ççïIM«â™ª r,U I=„—ïÚÝÿnß|= ûº}, „$Ø %@K2‹÷½AvyxA² ê«ý÷iªcdlIo ?"%‹ Aug 15, 2022 · The CR123A Battery is a cylindrical cell battery that has a lithium chemistry. The shape is similar to a smaller version of a C Cell Battery, or for simpler reference almost like a can. These batteries are widely used for many different applications, from medical devices to military grade technology. Having so many uses makes this battery very ... Jun 28, 2022 · A CMOS battery is a battery that helps to hold the settings in your computer’s Basic Input/Output System (BIOS). The BIOS is a set of software instructions stored on a chip that tells your computer how to start up. The CMOS battery also helps to keep the time and date accurate in your computer. If the battery dies, your computer will lose ... The interface between the 5 V CMOS and 3.3 V LVTTL parts illustrates a lack of voltage tolerance; the LVTTL IC input is overdriven by the 5 V CMOS device output. The interface between the 2.5 V JEDEC and the 5 V CMOS part demonstrates a lack of voltage compliance; CMOS. Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor ( CMOS, pronounced "sea-moss", / siːmɑːs /, /- ɒs /) is a type of metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) fabrication process that uses complementary and symmetrical pairs of p-type and n-type MOSFETs for logic functions. [1] CMOS technology is used for constructing ... Aug 1, 2016 · When you reboot, the computer will update itself to the correct time from the CMOS. If the CMOS battery is low, it will still show the incorrect time. When the CMOS battery dies completely, you will get lost CMOS errors, as previously described. If you reload the CMOS data and the errors return, you must change the battery. For a CMOS gate operating at a power supply voltage of 5 volts, the acceptable input signal voltages range from 0 volts to 1.5 volts for a “low” logic state, and 3.5 volts to 5 volts for a “high” logic state. “Acceptable” output signal voltages (voltage levels guaranteed by the gate manufacturer over a specified range of load ... • Nominal Voltage (V) – The reported or reference voltage of the battery, also sometimes thought of as the “normal” voltage of the battery. • Cut-off Voltage – The minimum allowable voltage. It is this voltage that generally defines the “empty” state of the battery. will track VIN minus the dropout voltage (Equation 2): + (2) As an example, consider an LDO like the TPS799 regulat-ing 3.3V. When sourcing 200mA, the TPS799’s maximum dropout voltage is specified at 175mV. As long as the input voltage is 3.475V or greater, regulation is not affected. However, dropping the input voltage to 3.375V will cause Feb 27, 2008 · Cause - Possible power outage or just usage over time. The CMOS battery will still perform its function successfully down to 2.6V. The cut-off electrical signal level for TTL/CMOS logic is 2.6V, defining the state as a 1, or HIGH state. Anything below that is a 0, or LOW state. Nov 23, 2016 · As far as I know, 2005 desktops still need the CMOS RAM feature, so keeping the battery updated will be a good bet if you want to keep your BIOS settings. Kilroy, on 23 Nov 2016 - 12:44 PM, said ... Dec 15, 2021 · Just follow the below mentioned steps to replace your CMOS battery with a newer one. 1. Turn Off your computer and turn off the mains power. 2. Open your PC cabinet. 3. Locate the CMOS battery on motherboard. 4. Press the Lock / Clip sideways to release the old CMOS battery. Apr 13, 2020 · My 8-9 year old Windows desktop has been acting really crazy the last couple of days, random shutdowns, refusals to boot/POST (and no beep codes), and most consistently, loss of CMOS settings on every cold boot (a boot after having removed all power). So this sounds like a very straight-forward dead CMOS battery. Sep 1, 2017 · This battery is produced by most popular battery manufacturers and has an output voltage of 3 volts. The most common way to test such a battery is usually to check the functionality of the device being powered, but another way is to check the voltage output of the battery. Turn the multimeter on, and set it to "DC Voltage" mode. To calculate the typical and worse case data retention lifetimes, select the Serial RTC Device and then enter the battery capacity of your choice in the form below (in mAh), and click on Calculate. The calculated typical and worst case Battery Life (@25°C) in years will be then be displayed. Note 2: Excluding I out2 and/or Tamper Current for ... • Nominal Voltage (V) – The reported or reference voltage of the battery, also sometimes thought of as the “normal” voltage of the battery. • Cut-off Voltage – The minimum allowable voltage. It is this voltage that generally defines the “empty” state of the battery. Aug 1, 2016 · When you reboot, the computer will update itself to the correct time from the CMOS. If the CMOS battery is low, it will still show the incorrect time. When the CMOS battery dies completely, you will get lost CMOS errors, as previously described. If you reload the CMOS data and the errors return, you must change the battery. Jul 31, 2023 · Frequently Asked Questions. CMOS is the term usually used to describe the small amount of memory on a computer motherboard that stores the BIOS settings. Some of these BIOS settings include the system time and date, as well as hardware settings. A CMOS image sensor is different—it's used by digital cameras to convert images into digital data. When the CMOS battery in my father's Dell failed, it read about 1.5 volts on my multimeter, well below the 3-volt nominal voltage, but not quite zero volts. A battery generally has virtually no energy remaining this far below the nominal voltage, so you shouldn't expect the battery to be usable all the way to zero volts. When the CMOS battery in my father's Dell failed, it read about 1.5 volts on my multimeter, well below the 3-volt nominal voltage, but not quite zero volts. A battery generally has virtually no energy remaining this far below the nominal voltage, so you shouldn't expect the battery to be usable all the way to zero volts. The CPU core voltage ( VCORE) is the power supply voltage supplied to the CPU (which is a digital circuit ), GPU, or other device containing a processing core. The amount of power a CPU uses, and thus the amount of heat it dissipates, is the product of this voltage and the current it draws. In modern CPUs, which are CMOS circuits, the current ... will track VIN minus the dropout voltage (Equation 2): + (2) As an example, consider an LDO like the TPS799 regulat-ing 3.3V. When sourcing 200mA, the TPS799’s maximum dropout voltage is specified at 175mV. As long as the input voltage is 3.475V or greater, regulation is not affected. However, dropping the input voltage to 3.375V will cause Jan 31, 2021 · In this video tutorial, I'll show you how to test, check and replace the desktop CMOS batteries.If you found this video tutorial useful and would like to sup... The breakdown voltage of an insulator is the minimum voltage that causes a portion of an insulator to experience electrical breakdown and become electrically conductive. For diodes , the breakdown voltage is the minimum reverse voltage that makes the diode conduct appreciably in reverse. May 1, 2015 · 124. The CMOS battery is not there to provide power to the computer when it is in operation, it's there to maintain a small amount of power to the CMOS when the computer is powered off and unplugged. The primary function of this is to keep the clock running even when the computer is turned off. Without the CMOS battery, every time you turned on ... Nov 6, 2022 · The full voltage of a CR2032 battery is about 3.2V – 3.4V. This value will then fall down to its nominal voltage after a certain amount of time. The CR2032 is a primary battery which cannot be recharged when it goes flat. However, there are rechargeable versions of the CR2032 known as the LIR2032. Jul 31, 2023 · Frequently Asked Questions. CMOS is the term usually used to describe the small amount of memory on a computer motherboard that stores the BIOS settings. Some of these BIOS settings include the system time and date, as well as hardware settings. A CMOS image sensor is different—it's used by digital cameras to convert images into digital data. Jan 18, 2022 · To find compatible batteries for the laptop, here’s the parts list for the laptop. Click on Select Commodities > Rechargeable batteries and internal (4) to find the part numbers for all the compatible batteries. Search online using the part number only to find suppliers that suit you best. Here’s the hardware maintenance manual for the laptop. Sep 1, 2017 · This battery is produced by most popular battery manufacturers and has an output voltage of 3 volts. The most common way to test such a battery is usually to check the functionality of the device being powered, but another way is to check the voltage output of the battery. Turn the multimeter on, and set it to "DC Voltage" mode. Jun 28, 2022 · A CMOS battery is a battery that helps to hold the settings in your computer’s Basic Input/Output System (BIOS). The BIOS is a set of software instructions stored on a chip that tells your computer how to start up. The CMOS battery also helps to keep the time and date accurate in your computer. If the battery dies, your computer will lose ... will track VIN minus the dropout voltage (Equation 2): + (2) As an example, consider an LDO like the TPS799 regulat-ing 3.3V. When sourcing 200mA, the TPS799’s maximum dropout voltage is specified at 175mV. As long as the input voltage is 3.475V or greater, regulation is not affected. However, dropping the input voltage to 3.375V will cause • Nominal Voltage (V) – The reported or reference voltage of the battery, also sometimes thought of as the “normal” voltage of the battery. • Cut-off Voltage – The minimum allowable voltage. It is this voltage that generally defines the “empty” state of the battery. If your computer is custom built with an enthusiast-quality motherboard, there's a small possibility there's a way to check the CMOS battery status right in the BIOS. You need to go into the BIOS settings to check this, which usually means you need to press the "ESC," "DEL" or "F2" key while the computer is booting. Aug 15, 2022 · The CR123A Battery is a cylindrical cell battery that has a lithium chemistry. The shape is similar to a smaller version of a C Cell Battery, or for simpler reference almost like a can. These batteries are widely used for many different applications, from medical devices to military grade technology. Having so many uses makes this battery very ... Apr 30, 2015 · First up, nhinkle: The CMOS battery is not there to provide power to the computer when it is in operation, it is there to maintain a small amount of power to the CMOS when the computer is powered off and unplugged. The primary function of this is to keep the clock running even when the computer is turned off. Without the CMOS battery, you would ... Jan 31, 2021 · In this video tutorial, I'll show you how to test, check and replace the desktop CMOS batteries.If you found this video tutorial useful and would like to sup... Apr 30, 2015 · First up, nhinkle: The CMOS battery is not there to provide power to the computer when it is in operation, it is there to maintain a small amount of power to the CMOS when the computer is powered off and unplugged. The primary function of this is to keep the clock running even when the computer is turned off. Without the CMOS battery, you would ... Mar 22, 2019 · A small battery powers the CMOS package. CMOS batteries differ from the typical battery or cell you are used to seeing on the cover of computers. When you see the ‘System battery voltage is low’ message, then your PC has probably detected your CMOS battery is outputting an insufficient amount of voltage. Discharge static electricity by pressing and holding the power button for 10-15 seconds. Replace the battery with the exact same type of coin cell battery. Dell desktops use CR2032 coin cell battery (see the markings on the battery). See the documentation of your Dell desktop for model-specific information. Removing the CMOS battery erases the ... Sep 25, 2022 · You can check the status of your CMOS battery in Windows 10 by going to the “Date and Time” settings. Here’s how: 1. Open the Start menu and click on “Settings”. 2. In the Settings window, click on “Time & Language”. 3. In the Time & Language settings, click on “Date & time” in the left sidebar. 4. Feb 7, 2023 · The sensing circuit on the motherboard has a minimum voltage threshold of 2.7V to 2.9V (this figure varies depending on the age of board). ... System battery voltage is low denotes that the CMOS ... Jan 18, 2022 · To find compatible batteries for the laptop, here’s the parts list for the laptop. Click on Select Commodities > Rechargeable batteries and internal (4) to find the part numbers for all the compatible batteries. Search online using the part number only to find suppliers that suit you best. Here’s the hardware maintenance manual for the laptop. Jan 11, 2019 · Remove Battery and Prepare the Multimeter. Locate the BIOS battery and put it on a nonconducting surface. Power on the multimeter and set the rotary dial to "volts." If the multimeter does not ... Discharge static electricity by pressing and holding the power button for 10-15 seconds. Replace the battery with the exact same type of coin cell battery. Dell desktops use CR2032 coin cell battery (see the markings on the battery). See the documentation of your Dell desktop for model-specific information. Removing the CMOS battery erases the ... CMOS. Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor ( CMOS, pronounced "sea-moss", / siːmɑːs /, /- ɒs /) is a type of metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) fabrication process that uses complementary and symmetrical pairs of p-type and n-type MOSFETs for logic functions. [1] CMOS technology is used for constructing ... May 1, 2015 · 124. The CMOS battery is not there to provide power to the computer when it is in operation, it's there to maintain a small amount of power to the CMOS when the computer is powered off and unplugged. The primary function of this is to keep the clock running even when the computer is turned off. Without the CMOS battery, every time you turned on ...
Aug 14, 2017 · I tried that, I get multiple temp sensors and fan status. Nothing on voltages. If you open up the laptop, you can use a multimeter to check the voltmeter reading of the CMOS battery. This is the only reliable way that I know of. The sensors command doesn't output the CMOS battery voltage for my laptop. . Nash
When the CMOS battery in my father's Dell failed, it read about 1.5 volts on my multimeter, well below the 3-volt nominal voltage, but not quite zero volts. A battery generally has virtually no energy remaining this far below the nominal voltage, so you shouldn't expect the battery to be usable all the way to zero volts. When the CMOS battery in my father's Dell failed, it read about 1.5 volts on my multimeter, well below the 3-volt nominal voltage, but not quite zero volts. A battery generally has virtually no energy remaining this far below the nominal voltage, so you shouldn't expect the battery to be usable all the way to zero volts. Shop for cmos battery at Best Buy. Find low everyday prices and buy online for delivery or in-store pick-up ... Voltage. 3 volts. 3.7 volts. Video Resolution ... The breakdown voltage of an insulator is the minimum voltage that causes a portion of an insulator to experience electrical breakdown and become electrically conductive. For diodes , the breakdown voltage is the minimum reverse voltage that makes the diode conduct appreciably in reverse. Failure Symptoms of CMOS Battery. When the CMOS battery fails, then the computer cannot maintain the exact time & date on the computer once it is switched off. For instance, once the computer is ON, you may see the time and date like 12:00 PM & January 1, 1990. This fault specifies that the battery of CMOS is failed. The boot-up of the laptop ... Jan 11, 2019 · Remove Battery and Prepare the Multimeter. Locate the BIOS battery and put it on a nonconducting surface. Power on the multimeter and set the rotary dial to "volts." If the multimeter does not ... When the CMOS battery in my father's Dell failed, it read about 1.5 volts on my multimeter, well below the 3-volt nominal voltage, but not quite zero volts. A battery generally has virtually no energy remaining this far below the nominal voltage, so you shouldn't expect the battery to be usable all the way to zero volts. For a CMOS gate operating at a power supply voltage of 5 volts, the acceptable input signal voltages range from 0 volts to 1.5 volts for a “low” logic state, and 3.5 volts to 5 volts for a “high” logic state. “Acceptable” output signal voltages (voltage levels guaranteed by the gate manufacturer over a specified range of load ... Discharge static electricity by pressing and holding the power button for 10-15 seconds. Replace the battery with the exact same type of coin cell battery. Dell desktops use CR2032 coin cell battery (see the markings on the battery). See the documentation of your Dell desktop for model-specific information. Removing the CMOS battery erases the ... Nov 23, 2016 · As far as I know, 2005 desktops still need the CMOS RAM feature, so keeping the battery updated will be a good bet if you want to keep your BIOS settings. Kilroy, on 23 Nov 2016 - 12:44 PM, said ... Nov 6, 2022 · The full voltage of a CR2032 battery is about 3.2V – 3.4V. This value will then fall down to its nominal voltage after a certain amount of time. The CR2032 is a primary battery which cannot be recharged when it goes flat. However, there are rechargeable versions of the CR2032 known as the LIR2032. The CPU core voltage ( VCORE) is the power supply voltage supplied to the CPU (which is a digital circuit ), GPU, or other device containing a processing core. The amount of power a CPU uses, and thus the amount of heat it dissipates, is the product of this voltage and the current it draws. In modern CPUs, which are CMOS circuits, the current ... Jan 18, 2022 · To find compatible batteries for the laptop, here’s the parts list for the laptop. Click on Select Commodities > Rechargeable batteries and internal (4) to find the part numbers for all the compatible batteries. Search online using the part number only to find suppliers that suit you best. Here’s the hardware maintenance manual for the laptop. .